Smart Parks : Digital Tools to Collect and Share Information Related to Parks

The thesis approaches a problem to bring technology into public parks in a way that visitors can interact with each other. The HAMK Built Environment Landscape department attempts to reach exactly this kind of solution with their project Smart Parks. Starting by describing two modern and well-known technologies today the thesis gives examples on how they can be implemented and a solution can be formed regarding the current technical knowledge. QR codes, GPS and a self-developed application from HAMK disclose different tools to approach the problem. The main aim of the thesis is to evince a platform that visitors of public spaces can use technology in the nature and share thoughts and experiences through it. The thesis answers research questions related to the topic and attempts to give information such as different technologies with their benefits or a solution for a platform to Smart Parks. Furthermore, it compares those developments and lists advantages and disadvantages of them. For a final step, the thesis describes an existing tool and tries to improve it for an all-in-one solution for Smart Parks

Asymmetric simple exclusion process on a ring conditioned on enhanced flux

We show that in the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) on a ring, conditioned on carrying a large flux, the particle experience an effective long-range potential which in the limit of very large flux takes the simple form $U= -2\sum_{i\neq j}\log|\sin\pi(n_{i}/L-n_{j}/L)|$, where $n_{1}n_{2},\ldots n_{N}$ are the particle positions, similar to the effective potential between the eigenvalues of the circular unitary ensemble in random matrices. Effective hopping rates and various quasistationary probabilities under such a conditioning are found analytically using the Bethe ansatz and determinantal free fermion techniques. Our asymptotic results extend to the limit of large current and large activity for a family of reaction-diffusion processes with on-site exclusion between particles. We point out an intriguing generic relation between classical stationary probability distributions for conditioned dynamics and quantum ground state wave functions, in particular, in the case of exclusion processes, for free fermions.Comment: submitted to J. Stat. Mec

Design and implementation of the node identity internetworking architecture

The Internet Protocol (IP) has been proven very flexible, being able to accommodate all kinds of link technologies and supporting a broad range of applications. The basic principles of the original Internet architecture include end-to-end addressing, global routeability and a single namespace of IP addresses that unintentionally serves both as locators and host identifiers. The commercial success and widespread use of the Internet have lead to new requirements, which include internetworking over business boundaries, mobility and multi-homing in an untrusted environment. Our approach to satisfy these new requirements is to introduce a new internetworking layer, the node identity layer. Such a layer runs on top of the different versions of IP, but could also run directly on top of other kinds of network technologies, such as MPLS and 2G/3G PDP contexts. This approach enables connectivity across different communication technologies, supports mobility, multi-homing, and security from ground up. This paper describes the Node Identity Architecture in detail and discusses the experiences from implementing and running a prototype

3D Boundary Element Simulation of Droplet Dynamics in Microchannels: How Droplets Squeeze Through Constrictions and Move in Electric Fields

Flows of fluids with free surfaces show complex dynamical behavior. Examples include effects like capillary surface waves, topological transitions such as droplet breakup and coalescence, or pattern formation in wetting and de-wetting dynamics. These complex phenomena result from a highly nonlinear evolution that is driven by the interplay of surface forces and the changing surface geometry. Droplet-based microfluidics both utilizes the free-surface dynamics in a wide range of applications in science and engineering, and, due to the precise control of flows at small scales, allows to study the dynamics experimentally. An analytical description of the dynamics is made difficult by the high degree of nonlinearity. Numerical tools complement experiments, as they give access to quantities of interest such as the pressure fields inside a fluid or local stresses on the interface, and allow for a precise control of parameters and models of physical effects. We use numerical tools to study the complex dynamics of free surface flows. In the first part of this thesis, we develop a fully-resolved 3D boundary element method for simulating droplet dynamics in complex geometries. The developed numerical tool allows us to follow the dynamic deformation of droplets with variable viscosity ratio between droplet and continuous phase, under the effect of Young-Laplace surface tension, gravity, and dielectric stresses due to electric fields. Free interfaces are represented by a novel smooth surface representation that gives an accurate description for the surface shape and curvature. In the second part, we address two practically relevant problems. First, we study the breakup of droplets as concentrated emulsions are injected into a narrow constriction, and describe the underlying physical mechanism that drives the breakup. Second, we analyze the efficiency of droplet sorting with dielectrophoresis, and propose a new sorting device that operates at lower voltage and reduces stress on the droplets. In careful quantitative comparisons between numerics and experiments, we find that in-plane surface stresses due to nonequilibrium surfactant distributions have a major impact on free interface dynamics, and merit further study